You are going to use the following demo to build intuition about angle sum formulas for cosine and sine. You will also derive the formulas. Start by looking at the figure. What do you notice? What shapes are there?
The shape is formed by several right triangles. You can think of it in various ways, including as the union of 3 right triangles or as the union of 2 rectangles and a right triangle. There are other ways to see it as well.