Veremos agora, os sólidos que possuem características distintas dos vistos anteriormente. Note que objetos do cotidiano que se assemelham a estes, tendem a rolar quando lançados ou movidos.
[img]https://br.neurochispas.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/elementos-da-esfera-1.png[/img]
Quais elementos observados nos sólidos anteriores não estão presentes na esfera?
O raio e o diâmetro são elementos essenciais na caracterização de uma esfera, e além disso, possuem uma relação muito importante entre si: o diâmetro equivale a duas vezes o tamanho do raio. Sabendo disso, em uma esfera com 8 cm de diâmetro, quanto mede seu raio?
Após a esfera, trabalharemos com dois sólidos que possuem algo em comum: a presença de um polígono como base, veja:
Cilindro: [img]https://s3.static.brasilescola.uol.com.br/img/2017/04/planificacao-do-cilindro.jpg[/img]Cone: [img]data:image/png;base64,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[/img]
Que figura plana você observa em comum no cilindro e no cone?
Compare cada sólido visto nos conteúdos da parte 1 e parte 2 com objetos do seu cotidiano.
Imagens utilizadas na atividade:[br][list][*]Imagens ilustrativas de sólidos geométricos (cubo, prisma, pirâmide, cilindro, cone e esfera) geradas por meio de inteligência artificial com o auxílio da ferramenta DALL·E, utilizadas exclusivamente para fins educacionais.[/*][*]Construções e representações tridimensionais desenvolvidas com o software GeoGebra.[/*][*] Disponível em: [url=https://www.geogebra.org/]https://www.geogebra.org/[/url][/*][*]Conteúdo teórico:[/*][*]Brasil Escola. [i]Geometria espacial[/i]. Disponível em: [url=https://brasilescola.uol.com.br/]https://brasilescola.uol.com.br/[/url][/*][*]Toda Matéria. [i]Sólidos geométricos[/i]. Disponível em: [url=https://www.todamateria.com.br/]https://www.todamateria.com.br/[/url][/*][*]Livro didático:[/*][*]SILVEIRA, Ênio; MARQUES, Cláudio. [i]Matemática Teláris – 6º ano[/i]. São Paulo: Editora Ática, 2019.[/*][/list]