Given a curve [i]C[/i] and a fixed point[i] P[/i], called the [b]pedal point[/b], the [b]pedal [/b][b]curve[/b] consists of all points [i]R[/i] such that [i]R[/i] is on a tangent line to the curve and [i]PR[/i] is perpendicular to the tangent line. In the example below, [i]C[/i] is a circle, and [i]P[/i] is a point on the circle. In this case, the pedal curve is a cardioid.