[b][center][/center][center][size=150][/size][size=150]Force and Power[/size][/center][/b][br][b][br][br]Objectives[br][br][/b]By the end of this unit, students are expected to:[br][br][list=1][*]Differentiate between renewable and non-renewable energy sources.[/*][*]Recognize the environmental impact of electronic waste and discuss sustainable practices.[/*][*]Build and test model cars powered by various energy sources.[/*][*]Understand and demonstrate the concepts of force and power through hands-on activities and physical exercises.[/*][*]Accurately measure time and length to explore the relationship between force, power, and movement. Also using the mobile app.[/*][/list]

[b]Materials Needed[/b]

[center][/center][list][*]Images/models of renewable and non-renewable energy sources (e.g., solar panels, wind turbines, coal)[br][/*][/list] [img]https://www.geogebra.org/resource/p8xmydbe/r5kRX6UKdxlda4at/material-p8xmydbe.png[/img] [br][list][*]Samples or visuals of electronic waste (e.g., old phones, batteries)[br][/*][/list][img]https://www.geogebra.org/resource/ajuqfk5g/gH7H1FUT3QuAWroZ/material-ajuqfk5g.png[/img][br][list][*]Stopwatches, measuring tapes, rulers / Hoops (for F1 game in P.E. activity)[/*][/list][img]https://www.geogebra.org/resource/arusbzxj/woPCLno8mxJEwJ24/material-arusbzxj.png[/img]

[b]Cars powered by different sources:[/b]

[b]Activity 1: Introduction to Energy Sources (Science)[br][br]Objective: [/b]Learn about renewable and non-renewable energy sources.[br][br]Duration: 20 minutes[br]Instructions:[br][list=1][*]Present images or small models of energy sources (e.g., coal, solar panels, wind turbines).[br][/*][*]Explain how each source produces energy and its classification (renewable vs. non-renewable).[/*][*]Group Task: Students categorize energy sources and discuss their pros and cons.[/*][*]Facilitate a discussion on energy sources used at home or in the community.[/*][/list][br][b]Activity 2: Building and Testing Model Cars (Engineering, Math and Arts)[br][br]Objective:[/b] Build model cars powered by different energy sources and measure their performance.[br][br]Duration: 90 minutes[br][br][b]Part 1: Car Construction (45 minutes)[/b][br][list][*]In small groups, students are assigned a specific energy source (solar, water, air, or battery).[/*][*]Using kits, they design and build cars powered by their assigned energy source.[/*][*]Focus: Discuss how each energy type powers the car and the role of each component.[br][/*][/list][br][b]Part 2: Testing and Measuring Distance (45 minutes)[/b][br][list][*]Groups test their cars, measuring the distance covered in one run.[/*][*]Repeat trials to ensure accuracy.[/*][*]Mathematics Focus: Calculate averages and compare results.[/*][*]Groups reflect on the efficiency of each energy source[/*][/list]

[b]Activity 2b: [/b]Engineering and Tehnology /Practical Application – Car Experiment Stations[br]Duration: 45 minutes[br][br][b]Objective: [/b]Explore various energy sources through hands-on experiments with model cars and collect data on their performance using the Phyphox app.[br][br]Setup:[br][list][*]Ensure each group has access to a smartphone with the Phyphox app installed.[br]Instructions:[br][br][/*][/list][b]Part 1: Testing the Model Cars[/b][br][br]1. Solar-Powered Car:[br]Place the car under sunlight or a strong light source and observe its movement.[br][br]2. Water-Powered Car:[br]Demonstrate the car’s movement using water power (e.g., a water container or jet propulsion).[br][br]3. Air (Balloon)-Powered Car:[br]Inflate a balloon attached to the car and release it to observe movement powered by air pressure.[br][br]4. Battery-Powered Car:[br]Use a battery-powered car to observe how electrical energy drives the car[br][br]

[br][b]Part 2: Measuring Performance with Phyphox[/b][br][br][b]Objective: [/b]Use the Phyphox app to measure the performance of each car.[br][br]1. Measurement Tasks:[br][list][*]Record distance traveled using the app’s distance tools or manually if needed.[br] Use the app to track time taken to cover a specific distance (optionaly) [/*][/list][br]2. How to Use Phyphox:[br][list][*]Open the app and select the appropriate experiment (e.g., acceleration or time measurement).[/*][*]Place the phone on a flat surface or attach it securely near the car’s path (if safe).[/*][*]Record data for each trial, ensuring consistent conditions for all energy sources[/*][/list][b][img]https://www.geogebra.org/resource/wgvqcwbk/OoWA627XdKR3AiNW/material-wgvqcwbk.png[/img][br]Part 3: Data Analysis (Math) and Reflection[/b][br][br]1. Data Recording:[br]Students record their observations and results in a table:[br]Example Columns: Energy Source, Distance (m), Time (s), Efficiency Observations.[br][br]2. Discussion:[br][list][*]Compare the speed, distance, and efficiency of each energy source.[/*][*]Discuss why certain energy sources performed better or worse.[/*][/list][br]3. Real-Life Application:[br][list][*]Relate findings to real-world energy sources, discussing efficiency and environmental impact.[/*][/list][br]3. Reflection Task:[br][list][*]Each group writes a brief summary of their findings, focusing on:[/*][*]Which energy source was most efficient and why.[/*][*]How energy sources can impact sustainability and everyday life.[/*][/list]

[b]Activity 3: F1 Human-Powered Car Race, Memory Game, Tug of War (Physical Education)[br][/b]Objective: Simulate human-powered energy through active play.[br]Duration: 45 minutes (all games)[br]Instructions:[br][list][*]Students use hula hoops as steering wheels to simulate an F1 race. After the race, discuss the physical effort required and relate it to energy expenditure.[/*][/list]

[b]Activity 3b: Tug of War – Exploring Force and Power (Physical Education)[br][/b]Objective: Experience the concepts of force and energy through teamwork.[br]Duration: 20 minutes[br]Instructions:[br][br][list=1][*]Divide students into two teams for a tug-of-war game.[/*][*]Reflect on how applying more force requires more energy.[br][br][/*][/list]

[b]Activity 3c: Memory Game with Physical Exercises[br]Objective: [/b]Enhance memory, attention, and physical fitness through a collaborative and competitive game.[br]Duration: 20-30 minutes[br][br]Setup:[br][br]1. Playing Area:[br][list][*]Set up a large playing area with a square grid of 24 Poly spots placed face down.[/*][*]Each Poly spot hides one of 12 unique signs (e.g., exercises such as “10 squats,” “5 push-ups”).[/*][*]The Poly spots should be securely fixed to the ground to prevent the signs from shifting.[br][/*][/list][br]2. Starting Line:[br][list][*]Place the starting line at a distance appropriate for the students’ age and skill levels.[/*][*]Teams will line up or group together behind this line.[br][br][/*][/list]Instructions[br][br]1. Team Division:[br][list][*]Divide students into two or more teams, ensuring an equal number of players.[/*][/list][br]2. Game Rules:[br][list][*]Teams take turns sending one pair of players to the playing area.[/*][*]Players move to the playing board using a specific method, such as running, skipping, piggybackrides, or wheelbarrow exercises, as assigned by the teacher.[/*][*]Each player lifts one Poly spot to reveal the sign underneath.[/*][*]If the signs on the two Poly spots match, the team wins a point and takes the Poly spots back to their group.[/*][*]If the signs do not match, players must return the Poly spots to their original positions and return to the starting line.[/*][/list][list][*]Physical Exam Requirements [list][*] If a match is found, all team members must perform the exercise on the signs before the next players go.[br][/*][*] If no match is found, all team members must perform both exercises from the revealed signs.[/*][/list][/*][/list]

[b]STEAM Components:[/b][br][list][*][b]Science:[/b] Learning about renewable and non-renewable energy sources.[/*][*][b]Technology:[/b] Using devices (mobile app) to measure. Alternativly, to create mind maps on electronic waste.[/*][*][b]Engineering:[/b] Exploring various car models powered by different energy sources.[/*][*][b]Physical Education:[/b] Engaging in the F1 game to simulate human-powered energy.[/*][*][b]Art:[/b] Creating posters to promote energy conservation and recycling.[/*][*][b]Mathematics:[/b] Measuring time and length to understand force in movement.[/*][/list]