Geometrical Optics
Geometrical Optics
Table of Contents
- 7.0 RECAP!
- Reflection of plane mirror
- Do your mathematics!
- Line of Sight in a Plane Mirror
- Let's draw !
- Reflection at Spherical Mirror
- Ray diagram for spherical mirror
- Explore Phase : Sketch ray diagrams
- Refraction
- Refraction on Spherical Surfaces
- Thin Lenses
- Experiment 5: Thin lenses
Reflection of plane mirror
Reflection of light on plane mirror.
S : Source of Light (Lamp)[br]DE : Reflecting surface (Plane Mirror)
Recap your memory!
What Is Reflection of Light?[br]
What is the nature of the image formed by the plane mirror?[br]
State the laws of reflection.
If the reflecting surface is very smooth, the reflection of light that occurs is called specular or regular reflection. The laws of reflection are as follows:[br][list=1][br][*]The incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal to the reflection surface at the point of the incidence lie in the same plane.[br][/*][*]The angle which the incident ray makes with the normal is equal to the angle which the reflected ray makes to the same normal.[br][/*][*]The reflected ray and the incident ray are on the opposite sides of the normal.[/*][/list]
Ray diagram for spherical mirror
Ray diagram for concave mirror & convex mirror
What phenomenon does the failure of the 2 lines to cross neatly at a single point demonstrate?[br]When is the image right side up?[br]When is the image real?[br]When is the image larger than the object?[br]What does moving the object point through the mirror correspond to physically? How does this connect to the sign conventions for mirrors?
Refraction on Spherical Surfaces
[list]Choose the refractive indices value by sliding the n[sub]1[/sub] and n[sub]2 [/sub]cursors. Choose the position of the object by dragging point u. Choose the curvature of the surface by dragging the blue dot on top of the grey curve (label X). The values of the radius of curvature r, the object coordinate u, and the image coordinate v are presented.[/list]
Refraction on Spherical Surfaces - Ray Tracing
Some questions:
[br]1. When is refraction on spherical surfaces convergent or divergent?[br]2. What kind of images are produced by divergent refractions? What about the convergent ones?[br]3. Can you verify the validity of the Refracting Surface Equation?[br]4. When is the secondary focus to the right of the refracting surface? When is it on the left? [br]5. What about the primary focus? [br]6. Are any foci located at the midpoint between the centre of curvature and the apex? [br]7. On which side of the surface are virtual images formed? What about the actual images? [br]8. Is it possible to form a real and upright image?
Experiment 5: Thin lenses
Ray Diagram for thin lenses
[b]Locations of Object u and Focal point F are draggable;[/b] so are the handles of the green measuring bars.[br][br]Lens is a converging lens for f > 0, diverging lens for f < 0.[br][br]Light always travels from left to right in this applet, regardless of position of object. Object is virtual if placed to right of lens.[br][br]u = object[br]v = image[br]ho= height of object[br]hi=height of image
[list][br][*]Shift-Drag on the background to pan the view, or Shift-mousewheel to zoom in & out.[br][*]Shift-Drag on the x or y axis (when visible), to zoom just that axis.[br][*][i]Additional zoom options in the right-click context menu.[/i][br][/list]