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This strand focuses on different aspects of number, laying the groundwork for the transition from
arithmetic to algebra. Learners explore different representations of numbers and the connections
between them, as well as the properties and relationships of binary operations. They investigate
number patterns, and use ratio and proportionality to solve a variety of problems in numerous
contexts. Learners are expected to be able to use calculators appropriately and accurately, as well
as to carry out calculations by hand and mentally. They appreciate when it is appropriate to use
estimation and approximation, including to check the reasonableness of results.
a. represent the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division in ℕ, ℤ, and
ℚ using models including the number line, decomposition, and accumulating groups of
equal size
b. perform the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division and
understand the relationship between these operations and the properties: commutative,
associative and distributive in ℕ, ℤ, and ℚ and in ℝ\ℚ , including operating on surds
c. explore numbers written as ab (in index form) so that they can:
I. flexibly translate between whole numbers and index representation of numbers
II. use and apply generalisations such as ap aq = ap+q ; (ap)/(aq) = ap–q ; (ap)q = apq ;
and n1/2 = √n, for a ∈ ℤ, and p, q, p–q, √n ∈ ℕ
and for a, b, √n ∈ ℝ, and p, q ∈ ℚ
III. use and apply generalisations such as a0 = 1 ; ap/q = q√ap = (q√a)p ; a–r= 1/(ar);
(ab)r = ar br ; and (a/b)r = (ar)/(br), for a, b ∈ ℝ ; p, q ∈ ℤ; and r ∈ ℚ
IV. generalise numerical relationships involving operations involving numbers written
in index form
V. correctly use the order of arithmetic and index operations including the use of
brackets
e. present numerical answers to the degree of accuracy specified, for example, correct to
the nearest hundred, to two decimal places, or to three significant figures
Geometry and trigonometry
This strand focuses on analysing characteristics and properties of two- and three-dimensional
geometric shapes. Learners use geometry and trigonometry to model and solve problems involving
area, length, volume, and angle measure. They develop mathematical arguments about geometric
relationships and explore the concept of formal proof, using deduction to establish the validity of
certain geometric conjectures and critiquing the arguments of others
1. Rectangle Diagonals
2. Copy of Differents views of a same fraction (D Mentrard)
This strand focuses on representing and analysing patterns and relationships found in numbers.
Building on their work in the Number strand, learners generalise their observations, expressing,
interpreting, and justifying general mathematical statements in words and in symbolic notation.
They use the idea of equality to form and interpret equations, and the syntactic rules of algebra
to transform expressions and solve equations. Learners explore and analyse the relationships
between tables, diagrams, graphs, words, and algebraic expressions as representations of
functions.