[size=100]Source: [url=https://pbase.com/dosseman/amasyabeyazitii]Dick Osseman: The Beyazit II mosque complex in Amasya[/url][/size]
Muqarnas
This workbook is about muqarnas. In Islamic mosques you often see abstract decorations in an interplay of regularity and variation. Muqarnas are decorative elements that, for example, fill the space above the entrance to a portal. It looks like a large niche being filled with all kinds of small niches. For the craftsman, it is a technical challenge to design new creations within the available space with a limited number of standardized building blocks or units. You can find beautiful examples in Turkey and Iran, but also in Moorish Spain or Morocco. The formal language is a fine application of mathematics and lends itself well to an alternative class lesson. This book is about education. Muqarnas are the attractor in a program to develop lessonseries in design principles, the art of tilings, architecture of abstract objects, space geometry, combinatorial mathematics, and technologies like 3D printing. Some lessonseries have been developed in Dutch, others are under development. Our tool is free available for all: [url]https://www.geogebra.org/m/tcmsgvjw#material/puntqphq[/url].
İçindekiler
- Introduction to muqarnas
- About muqarnas
- About Tools
- Paper Tiles
- Exercise sheets
- 3D Printed Elements
- Construction plates
- GeoGebra application
- Excel application
- Start
- Starting assignment young students
- Starter exercise muqarnas
- Starting assignment
- Student Assignment
- Advanced Turkish Muqarnas
- Amasya Bimarhane
- Nigde Ak Medresse
- Bursa Abdal Mehmet
- Kayseri Cifte Madrasah
- M. Fatin Uluengin (page 43)
- Çorum Osmancık
- Things we learned from Ali Reza Sarvdalir
- Standard Shapes of Basic Moqarnas
- Sample related to Gonbad Gaffaryah
- Example B
- Example C
- Squinch in Friday mosque of Golpayegan
- Things we learned from Mamoun Sakkal
- Octagon
- Seperate Book
- Advanced Iranian Muqarnas
- Natanz
- Do It Yourself
- Make a muqarnas yourself
About muqarnas
[table][tr][td]Fatin Uluengin wrote a well-illustrated book on Turkish muqarnas. [br][br]Shiro Takahashi made an attempt to classsify numerous muqarnas.[br]See [url=https://www.tamabi.ac.jp/idd/shiro/muqarnas/]Muqarnas database[/url][br][br]Henk Hietbrink and Chris Cambré wrote about muqarnas in several geogebra books. They developed a series of tools (version 1.0) to create, visualize and analyze muqarnas[br]See Chris Cambré's geogebra book: [url=https://www.geogebra.org/m/fvghzvj4]studying, drawing and constructing muqarnas[/url] which is about our joint efforts.[br][br]Chris Cambré wrote an introduction.[br]See his geogebra book [url=https://www.geogebra.org/m/n7ps6rtv]Muquarnas[/url].[br][br]Dick Osseman travelled many times to Turkey and has a large gallery of pictures.[br]See [url=https://pbase.com/dosseman]Picture Gallery of Dick Osseman[/url][br][br]Margi Lake travelled to Iran and produced many artworks on tilings and muqarnas.[br]See [url=https://margilake.com/]Art Gallery of Margi Lake[/url][br][br]You can create a muqarnas yourself in the GeoGebra book [url=https://www.geogebra.org/m/tcmsgvjw#material/puntqphq]Muqarnas Tool[/url].[/td][td][img]http://www.fransvanschooten.nl/images/Mukarnas_FatinUluengin_sml.jpg[/img][/td][/tr][/table]
[size=100]Source: [url=https://pbase.com/dosseman/amasyabeyazitii]Dick Osseman: The Beyazit II mosque complex in Amasya[/url][/size]
[size=100]Source: [url=https://margilake.com]Margi Lake: Ilkhanid Shrine Complex at Natanz[/url][/size]
Recommended books
Source: [url=https://www.fransvanschooten.nl/muqarnas_Odekan.htm]www.fransvanschooten.nl/muqarnas_Odekan[/url][br]Prof. Dr. Ayla Ödekan is a Turkish art historian. After conducting extensive fieldwork, she began classifying Ottoman and Pre-Ottoman muqarnas in her thesis, resulting in new photographs and drawings of muqarnas. Almost fifty years later, her thesis, photos and drawings are still valuable, and her legacy continues to inspire.
Starting assignment young students
Starting assignment young students
Young students start with a simple assignment where the rules are quickly discovered. This two-layer muqarnas follows the rule "back on front". Students are handed over a construction plate for a quick start.[br][br]This worksheet is part of my geogebra book on [url=https://www.geogebra.org/m/tcmsgvjw]Muqarnas[/url].[br]More information is available on my website [url=http://www.fransvanschooten.nl/fvs_muqarnas_uk.htm#Starter]Muqarnas/Starter[/url].
Handout Muqarnas Workshop (English)
Handout Muqarnas Workshop (Dutch)
Construction plate
Exercise
Rules
[size=100]This exercise is based on the set of rules of back on front[br]- a wall of a full element should be stacked on the end of an intermediate elements (green to black)[br]- adjoining roofs have the same orientation (red to red, arrows pointing to same direction)[br][/size]
Final product
Variations for the same construction plate
[size=100]An extension to this easy assignment is the task to generate alternatives for the same construction plate. Students find out that there are a lot of possibilities.[br]See my website [url=http://www.fransvanschooten.nl/fvs_muqarnas_uk.htm#Max]Variations[/url].[/size]
Amasya Bimarhane
[size=100][table][tr][td]Amasya is an ancient city with a long history that starts before the Roman times. It was also an important city in Ottoman times. Sultan Selim I was born there, for example. The Bimarhane mosque is located in Amasya. In the entrance portal, two small muqarnas are incorporated in the wall on the left and right. [br][br]This muqarnas follows the line "back on front" and has as exception only two half intermediate units.[br][br]This worksheet is part of my geogebra book on [url=https://www.geogebra.org/m/tcmsgvjw]Muqarnas[/url].[br]More information is available on my website [url=http://www.fransvanschooten.nl/fvs_muqarnas_uk.htm#Amasya]Muqarnas/Amasya[/url].[br][br]Below, you can see the design of this muqarnas. Use the slider to investigate this muqarnas level by level in order to check which basic elements are involved. For design purposes, each element has been given a different color. Drag the slider to the right for a view in a shiny white color.[br][br]You can create a muqarnas yourself in the GeoGebra book [url=https://www.geogebra.org/m/tcmsgvjw#material/puntqphq]Muqarnas Tool[/url].[/td][td][img]http://www.fransvanschooten.nl/images/Amasya_3.jpg[/img][center]© [url=https://pbase.com/dosseman/image/136630913]Dick Osseman[/url][/center]More information is available at [url=https://archnet.org/sites/3611/media_contents/127710]Archnet/Amasya Bimarhanesi[/url][br][/td][/tr][/table][/size]
Standard Shapes of Basic Moqarnas
Ali Reza Sarvdalir taught us that there are a few standard shapes. [br]From left to right, five squares and three rhombuses.[br]To be precise, the fourth one is half a square.[br][br]This worksheet is part of my geogebra book on [url=https://www.geogebra.org/m/tcmsgvjw]Muqarnas[/url].[br]More information is available on my website [url=http://www.fransvanschooten.nl/fvs_muqarnas_uk.htm]Muqarnas/Natanz[/url] .
[size=100]In another drawing, he mentions six standard shapes.[/size]
[size=100]Above, he gives an example.[/size]
Octagon
Mamoun Sakkal describes a dome-dividing method in his thesis "[i]Geometry of muqarnas in Islamic architecture[/i]".[br]The thesis is available at [url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/36343132_Geometry_of_muqarnas_in_Islamic_architecture]Researchgate[/url].[br]He has a [url=http://www.sakkal.com/]personal website[/url].[br]
Natanz
[table][tr][td]Natanz is a city between Teheran, Kashan and Isfahan with a beautiful Ilkhanid Shrine Complex.[br][br]This worksheet is part of my geogebra book on [url=https://www.geogebra.org/m/tcmsgvjw]Muqarnas[/url].[br]More information is available on my website [url=http://www.fransvanschooten.nl/fvs_muqarnas_uk.htm#Natanz]Muqarnas/Natanz[/url] .[br][br]Below, you can see the design of this muqarnas. Use the slider to investigate this muqarnas level by level in order to check which basic elements are involved. For design purposes, each element has been given a different color. Drag the slider to the right for a view in a shiny white color.[br][br]You can create a muqarnas yourself in the GeoGebra book [url=https://www.geogebra.org/m/tcmsgvjw#material/puntqphq]Muqarnas Tool[/url].[/td][td][img]http://www.fransvanschooten.nl/images/2015-10-06%2011.13.22_sml.jpg[/img][/td][/tr][tr][td][/td][td][center]© Margi Rothengatter-Lake[br][br][br]More information is available at [url=https://archnet.org/sites/1645]Archnet/Natanz/Masjid-i Jami[/url][/center][/td][/tr][/table][br][br]
Make a muqarnas yourself
[size=100]The safest way to develop a muqarnas yourself is to start with a plan in the 2D area on the left and use that plan in the 3D area on the right to create the threedimensional surface.[br]The documentation will help you to work efficient: [url=https://www.geogebra.org/m/sd4f3bea#chapter/518863]Documentation Custom Tools[/url].[br]We would like to hear from you. Please send a link to your masterpieces to[br][img]http://www.fransvanschooten.nl/images/hietbrink-h.png[/img][br][/size]You may use this online version of Geogebra or download the file and work offline.[br]This tool is part of a [url=https://www.geogebra.org/m/tcmsgvjw#chapter/515963]Geogebra book with examples and tutorials[/url]
The following sixteen building blocks are available as buttons.[br]Click on the button and click on points to specify its position[br]There are different buttons for the 2D screen and for the 3D screen.
Versie: kaal_13.ggb (2021-02-28 14:04)