Le leggi della rifrazione

Le leggi della rifrazione
[center][/center][center][/center][center][b][/b][color=#ff0000][i][b]Le leggi della rifrazione[/b][br][/i][/color][br][b][i]Se guardiamo dall'alto una cannuccia in un bicchiere d'acqua, notiamo che essa appare piegata;[br]se la osserviamo di lato, attraverso la parete del bicchiere, la vediamo spezzata.[br][/i][/b][br][br][img]data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAkGBxMTEhUSEhMWFRUVEBUVEhcVFRUVFRUPFRUWFhUVFRUYHSggGBolGxUVITEhJSkrLi4uFx8zODMtNygtLisBCgoKDg0OFxAQGi0dHR0tLSstLSstLS0rLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLSstLS0tLS4tLS0tLS0tLSstKys3LS0tLSs3K//AABEIAMIBAwMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAaAAACAwEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACAwABBAUG/8QAORAAAQMBBQYDBwQCAgMBAAAAAQACEQMEITFBURITYXGBkaGx0QUiMlJywfAUQmLhBvGSoiOCshX/xAAYAQEBAQEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQIDBP/EACQRAQACAgICAgIDAQAAAAAAAAABEQIhAxIxQQRREyJCYbEy/9oADAMBAAIRAxEAPwDWHFQErNfmSmMpzqvO1R21xUJGbkLaB0TG2Y6Js0HabxQmo0ZFPbZjqENWzDNyqaBvP4of1Bw2U+BqiFNsyotszXOJnBNBdqtADdEW2MggyOnUqmtnMrUHFWHFQIFmRCy8E0uOqzWku18UuDZjaCLdDUJdMyEQlLKEWDVIr09JTr1HNOQSxm/TFWLOmMffBTDyWVskWYIhQCYrBGqFg3YU3YRlwQGqFQDqfBDuQnbXBUXIBIQOCIu4oHVBqiBI1KEsjO5Q1B+BC+sNEVCeJUhLZWM4XJ4JKtIWRwUTJKiioy2A3bMdExlTawKrZOqplMDNa2mmkTqrnisr4GaKnEYIHGo0YlJrV2QReo9gOST+mOshRTqNW7BEXFBSBFybKmgG8doiZtZwFcoXNkYoUZfqhc3iltaGi6SrB1EIGtVOaDkp0RtB0TZotgjAI9pM2FwP8jrPa5rqdVzC0/CILXfUCk6deLinlmYj07glUSVdM3DaN8CY1i9HtN0SnIktzQCo38C07z+IWcsM800AdUHFTaz2Uzcq91xQL23aBL3ZmStO6VGmgVB1Vho1TLtQlua2ZkpaUB9IHVA2jGCa5+im84K2BFPgoaahqnRC6o5LkWaYSKzSMDcjdtapTr80AAH5lSmzxUTSt0cVQCthEIw8aIhbqYOqjKZHLRFUtMftVUq7z+2E0uzROiuHKhtaq9k6ohOw4mZjmtApjVIY33r+l60Nb/aAdm/gpcEJqgmJjzPoja5owRQuccgo1pzEpm84K9s6JYraP4FJ4opclPoOJkuRBVRAnHqvPWhwfaWNODTtHpf5wu5aHBrDN/2XK/x+ntOqVTmdlvS8/ZYny93D+nBln7nTthw1UNQcVABorjgtW8VBNUaJLrSY+GOa0bJ0Co0icY7KWpFO1k3Z5ojUcVbrJfMqv0/5KlgS46oTOqjTBvA4XprbUz8CWhQp80QpnQphtbcgeyB1r4FFXu3aKty7gq/VO0CW6u/8CoZuTqr3I1WdznalLcYxJUKa9hqB7mDMLNdqhcAtBotDFEjp4KKDbttV74ZBBdoeyJoOncrSL3hOSuXKwHcEQYdewULUAdVNg6oxT4lEKKBL2DMojUEcJ/D3Q2hgjLXsicYbwy54kLcf8yzPkBZOF3RE6q1uPiiDwgc1p/audy2MVdAEW8P4ErYvmOibvDwCbk0JrSdUYppYLjmVNgqVI5/+Q1w2ndomexWbuk0O0k/UbzK5vtEbytTpC+XSQNBefALv1WN+Exx56LXHGpl6/l/rjhxfWx/qW5XpFT2iAYDSUILMB4Ktg5eKzTyG752gChc7XwVAngoSdVaFFpOJKzOaRcTyvyTzzKA0xolBNyuQnRwEK3RqO6UpAqiYvlXJ0Vue3UTyQb8CbyeiA4PBUWnVAyvGRPNA+0aBUO3fNUaazOqu1joqpu1fKDSQFU8UghU5hUsaNoKkjdcSqSym51rYMVYtQIuB8lkcATeET2zqraU0ttU4AIt67UBKDgBgh3pj3QEtKP2j8xUDOaTRfUPxdICKoXATDjyRaN3Y0RB0DUZxolsZKqkIkaOPbFWJpJi2jZacHdDce+BXLtdueCQGkcwht9oPwjAdyVibXcMCV0iMfMw5zM+l1LQ44uPeAldu8prrU7MjqGn7JYru1HQD7LXaPTNT7HTLsp6StVO0vbi66MD7xWQEnMnulWh+y0rGeWno+Nxxnyxi6fs21Nc5zmiCLiT8R4cAukAYGGt6837O91oOZvPVelZTkDkFnKJqF5M+3JlISBM7XRM37fwJFobsxeBeo11+ULmhu94FTaOgVEjj0CIVBoVUCS7ggqUycSU7eHQBDtnUJcDnVaRBumPuqawre+nOJKplAKSsSyBqos0BWt7XTDQOaYRxQc8MqZN73LWwHMAK3VG6381BUCu0Qt5dkl9BpMlP3vAoXO4DulSWFrBorhUXnUdkJfxKUWLZ4qIOhUWqSzW2dGKTRiR3SA0ohTOiBjn0xiUQrtyCRWsgcPeyS6DQMSByvUG39ToEL7Q7ICUoOb/I9EQqRgw9YQA2o8/EfsmU6eaXXqECfdbxxKgqP90bQMzlwUuFqXPtTBN+pWcsA/2u1aLIH57JOeXWMFx69JzTeu134cqL93QdpRSdEtxOqEDVS1oZfGJHdc5n/kfJwGPLIJtrcT7rROq12H2e+AGg3m85aLPmXqwj8eEz/Kf8XTDnXRnAAXoaDtpogmMLs4ulcz2kG0acC+o64nQHILqezaBFJmHwg970zm4qHGOPrHafYtwDiO6IU+iMtPzeCNtMZk94XLqvYApqOA1Tthoy+6Fr24bPglFkbWgnkEJpSZ2b1uYScArew/xHVahGIU3aAIKtJwvnBaiW/P2QEt/kekBVGAu4pFNziYc27K+VqqWdxMNEDKThrgpTsjwb3dIQU1mgR7sonMdqfJKLY+I9ytItwAxIA5qhVZkZ5XpVSztfn2TbPZg3BBTnjIFTbOQCdsqjCITtO4dlE3aH4FSoWQfn7AKtkZuceqpsZNced3mmtnJg6lYqWtBDW6d0Uxg1MAdwHT1U5uPgFOpYNp2iS6sZg3LQ6m3O/nJVEtGA7BOqxJTQDx6Sr3TpBAwPK6E+jWkTBR7Z+XurEQXIGSW34oKbLoOvcJrH3mVTmqTrYTUszXXloPSD3CX+gp/If+b/AFWoPP8Av1V7Q08Ve39pRNOzsGDB1v8ANOdhwzVbeMAdSud7XtxYyDAJyHh+cEtvDCc8ohyLe/e12sGG1HU4+C9dvGj9wuHgvL/43Zi5zqx/bc36jiegXpqbGnAgp6dfkZR26x6CbbTmJk8AU0PnBve5DSsYBmFrbSRxoi/IAdylV2vi50HkFre9oxcB1WWvbmCIBd09U8p4SnRMe8STzTBSGg6rHWtzv2tAWGpUeTe67qtdPtmco9OxvmDEgckqpbTMNaCNSuS6QVYeclvpDPeXUdVccCAlCs6b3GVlp228Bwv1C0PGcYeIUnXpYmzW2g53+CXXAIvEjvCrbaBJIHVAbcxuF6vWZ9J2pVGi0Xt8E5pJ1WE2u/aY3niQjZVqvvFw7J0r2d7aatCb9FNpou2gszbG8/G7xUNJjIkgaT/an6/Z+0+m3dFRI33E+CpZaoTahV7w8B1UbQbpPMk+ac1gGAHZKLKa6c+wJR/+p8AmOMfkK2McdOCoTUok6DjKKnZyMXeC0tpaoxA0Si2C0sOyYcZ7KrOwkXi/iZWyo1kgkSRgjNUaeX2ULYQyHxhLLuY/2nsMi/r6oLRJIOhPODco1p1vyKijLND3Q7s6eKhdrdy9Cra7j4FTrAVUbstLiO5z0XkfaNodVqbIvMxzcbl1f8h9pftaf95nos/+L2SXb05XM55n7KU9nHH48JynzLu2azinTbTwAF51dmSipOpswd/xHqrtYlpCz2eymfeu0vXSorbxTlNtptpOE/nJLc57sU1jGjPtKN1RowBPgpr0bZxThBVo4Gc9EytbgMmjmZ8AsFpt7iIaezbvFahmZdA0UisGjguOK1V0y/7QrbT1MrcRDMzLTWrt/ab55pVS0cEDmoA06LUUzNrNUnJOs4LyGl0DLPzSN0U6z0YcJOeZVm6SKbWez2CZJOl/omNotGDR2WmaYzH9pL7UzIE9IvzxXC5ny7VELbUOEIKLHbTh1Qm0n9rB1M+AWl7qkAlwBi+B6qeFXuCgrWRp+OOqz1WPOL3d48lBZhjE87/NFN2qYu3je6iEMGipEbQ4fkK97y8UgAo2sSyoE98/6VmqUt8AgaopGZCbE3n5irBPFVvmjXoFP1IyHioqyycsNVeybkBtJ0A6JRteW12gJpdtgo80t1N0S28ZjMD7LK6oHZk33ySUfs0w1wH7Xu5wfeHmt8WMZZdftjOZxxs8nXx9Vg9q20U23G8+A1Wu0V4aToCch3K8T7RtoqOPvg33wcTw4LfNwTx1Hm3T4mUcszPqA0Kbq9UNGf8A1YMSvc2WzhoDWNwEC5Yv8c9mikzaMFz7yeGQXo7Ncu/H8KZi5lw+T8+MspjGPDk+3LM6nQ3hMOLwABjF6nsq0sfSLt04vYQHbIGy4HAycDdgq/zO0CKTCcy6OERK5lhtwY0gA+84E8gLvMrHyOKI1j6Y4eSZ3LoVrRVPw046yszqFU/FPkmN9onQdTKs2lxz7Beaph3mYliNnc52y1pEYnLum1bC6IJjjh4rRtk5nv6K2s4T0lXaMBs7RgZI5mUTHtyaV0xY3H9seCv/APMOJMFa7fadZcp79GJDnu5dF322JuZKJtjpjJWOSIZ6S805rjmU+x2Ul0wbl3nvptGQ7BQW5v7ZPJpKTyQscbG2zF1ySLIWvhzrnG7g7+1ufanEyGGdSQLlntTHuxLR3d6LlOTpTZSswbgheyZ5rO2q7Nx53XxmludzPMkpZUhtNxkOA6prKzYwJ6FKB0AHgpelyUbvf4Hu31UWcnirTtJ1g7fn8Hqh3rjn+dEFR4Ii/oYWc2tgENAPM3DnKpTTGqraOh4cUhtsbm8Hg0T5Jv63Rrz0geKK1NpdFRA1WTf1Tg0D6jPgFThUzeOjfVQbYEJW4YDNwjDJYhTcZLnuIyEwJ6LLRsQ2pqO6ElFdd9UH4TGpx8ldgds7YvJOyZuxiDdPJXZWsj3LwtTGAJH2k/RRpf6K8/bfYDi4mmAAcpw6r1Lb8lZY05L0TzzlFZRdOfHj+OZnCatyfYdnrUhFQt2chMwVvr+2GsuaNt2QF4nimOpt+Udb/NL37G4R0/paj5WURUOeXBGWXaXBr2etWeXvaZOtwAyAnJPs3st+ZA6yuoa84AnpHmrk6AdfRcZ5pl0jigil7OAxcegWpllp6E8yl35u7D1VQNXHr6LnOcy3GENjSxuQH5xU/WNyM8hPksgLR+0IjXWJlqmg2o5Nd1geZS3Vn/xHMk+STvJRd1FoLqhJgv6NAHnKEtbnJ5uPkEezwV7BVCdpowaB0R0621gUFoZP7463qUGgCIcY4H73IDc3iluTS7h3PpKS6ocyB09StJaEKm3iVCZwJn80WerTg353jPmL+/dEs4vbqOn9Id4NCfDzSlVSkXCJI5Khu8Py+P8ASiptM6qJSMn6AH4nOdzcfIJtKw024MHZaWU4VyBiQFSwhsYDsFd+Q7q9+3ieQJV77Rp6kBCw02Ov2iOEBXUfHFHtu/iO59Eo2acXE8BAHgop7WyATcqOyP3BC2zgDCeZJ80xrRwRAsq6SRwEeas1jtACRccxF2IMZo8Em0EDZP8AMC4fNLfui00CoTftDoPVU52rnHrHks0n8uVhpP4Ss21Q3OaMh1vUFWRdEcFDQJxUYxrLpa3sENF06MEmTJxTtlWCDhtHk0x3NyMMd8oH1OA8BKUlgDVZpzqig5vaPpaT4k/ZLqOaCAXPM8dn/wCQFUte4AvPiVQq08nA/T7x8EitZWOPwg9z4lXQpBmFyitbTo13WGjxMojP8R3d6JAeTgCUYDtPEBEGfqPQBvqVRaNJ5knzRNHLxRhh/AqEMBGCKNVo3J/2kvqsFxe2dBeewvQuCzCRaKQdEzA6LQawya89Nkd3QgL3ZNaObifAD7qojRdcqq0yREHG46HVA4nOpH0tA85Snhue076nE+GCWVJT6wB94ga356QhNWfhDj0IHcpguMtEcABB4o5cpZQA9/yeIUVnmolytFbM4knqUxjBkEW6OSY2mtUlhhEwTherJaMSBzKtrm5AnkDHopUFjYw6KGcIU2zk0D6nD7Sq23fMBybPiT9ldJswsEXg+StjmxN0c1neA4Q4ucM74H/WEIawXBre0nxUtaaDaaYzBP8AH3j4Sl2mrtNdDThcXQ0Ai+TJnTsqEoLQ/ZHvZpZSPqkCTsgHC+e0AShs1p2jBdF1wa0C7rKRAfEC77LVZ6Wysqfss0LubifDBG0x8LQ3kAFGsJwRiicyqgSTmVUDn1TDTYMSBzgKhWp5SeQJ8cEC6TSbzGN0X3cVW4vmSeiYLR8rI+ogeUqnWh+rRyBPiT9k0LNC6TPVY2V27WyCP6TXmcXuPXZH/WEplGmDLabZ1iT3KWu2oV6ebp+mXeSI2gZU3HnDfMykGsVltVR0e5j9lJkiHQ378gxvd3ohL3HGof8A1gf34rHScYE4owD+egUtag12xmNr6iXeZVGrGENGmCoUidelyNlj5ImiX2mUvaJWx1EDEwOyDe08jtfSC7yVosgDmVGh2ic60RhTPNxA9T4JNS1umPdHd3orSXZm7dwCU6iZhxOEybh3Vbc4vceob5QUqrTacsuZnIglARZS+ZvcKLCXNFznOBzABjpwUVHXebiuZZ3lz4cSRoTIVKKyjrlgGAA5CFncVaiktBJTIuUUUGOs4zimWYKKINwwWB4l199+d6pRJ8EOi0XDkm0RcoohJrlx7dVdtNEmDiJKiiI30aYiYE6wJUeVFFkJJQvxUUUaXkgYVFFVG7BVSCpRQOYFqY0QqUVhJMC5ftmq5ouJGGBIUUVZVYWAtkgE6kSe61E3KlFr0jJUN6TaMVaiiwJicAoogByiii0j/9k=[/img][br][br][/center][center][/center][left][/left][center][b][i]Tale fenomeno è dovuto alle leggi della rifrazione[br][/i][/b][br][img]data:image/jpeg;base64,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[/img][br][br][img]https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/proxy/I0gsMxh2wY4uTTviRndaiQzmlkoUdO7R3iigtOS_3foHdtX6zIcUfCDWjjYmAEctiMso7vPJx7luoDc2QTAQXYfp1Vc8l3Fo1BY0qYLSq0_USA[/img][br][img]https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/proxy/sbC61Ho_G_ds-EZwAHwmCWdZw3_o0i__cYJV7LVO8ItC_SCnI-BeeBksvF_T9lTdnkIQXOEu_8BUOT0zd_53Q6ww0YlWkUASpK0Jhxm2ql3Tuw[/img][br][br][br][/center][b][i][color=#ff0000]1) immagine:Un raggio che passa dall'aria all'acqua si piega verso la perpendicolare[br][/color][color=#ff0000]alla superficie di separazione;[br][br][/color][color=#ff0000]2) immagine: un raggio che passa dall'acqua all'aria si allontana dalla perpendicolare[br][/color][color=#ff0000]alla superficie di separazione.[br][br][/color][/i][color=#00ff00][u][i]Fino alla superficie dell'acqua il raggio di luce è detto incidente, dopo è chiamato rifratto[br][/i][br][/u][/color][/b][color=#ff0000][br][center][b][i]L'indice di rifrazione[/i][/b][br][br][br][img]data:image/png;base64,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[/img][br][br][br][b][i]Le leggi della rifrazione[/i][/b][/center][/color][b][i]Prima legge:[/i][/b] [i][color=#ff0000][b][u]il raggio incidente, il raggio rifratto e la retta perpendicolare alla sua superficie di separazione dei due mezzi, nel punto di incidenza, appartengono allo stesso piano;[br][/u][/b][/color][br][br][b]Seconda legge:[/b] [/i][color=#ff0000][b][u][i]il rapporto tra il seno dell'angolo di incidenza e quello dell'angolo di rifrazione è costante[br]ed è uguale al rapporto tra l'indice di rifrazione del secondo mezzo e quello del primo mezzo.[br][/i][center][br][i][br]Legge di Snell[/i][br][br][br][img]https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn%3AANd9GcRXGKGX1t4rtwsbOFpYUyC31katl5STnIch7_P2CzCQVhaPD1pC&usqp=CAU[/img][br][br][br][img]data:image/jpeg;base64,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[/img][/center][/u][/b][/color][b][color=#00ff00][i]I raggi riflessi e diffusi dalla moneta escono dall'acqua allontanandosi dalla perpendicolare e arrivano all'occhio come se provenissero da un punto più alto, dove si incontrano i loro prolungamenti.[/i][/color][/b][br][br][center][color=#ff0000][b]La dispersione della luce[br][/b][/color][br][img]https://alekosoul.files.wordpress.com/2014/01/prisma-lightspectrum-goethe.gif[/img][br][br][color=#00ff00][b][i][u]La luce bianca è la sovrapposizione dei diversi colori dello spettro[br][/u][/i][/b][/color][color=#00ff00][b][i][u][br][/u][/i][/b][/color][img]https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-IS8WjS1IGEU/T43K5mxL-FI/AAAAAAAAAYg/gq0wCq8U0LQ/s1600/arcobaleno%2520animato.gif[/img][color=#00ff00][b][i][u][br][/u][/i][/b][br][/color][/center][color=#00ff00][b][i][u]L'arcobaleno è prodotto dalla dispersione e dalla riflessione interna dei raggi solari da parte delle gocce di pioggia[/u][/i][/b][br][br][/color]

Information: Le leggi della rifrazione