Interactive Engineering Physics with Numerical Methods

Timo Budarz, JiaxiChen, 10.10.2016

This is an open-source, comprehensive engineering physics textbook for the first three semesters of a degree in engineering, physics or chemistry. An emphasis is placed on fundamental principles as well as numerical solutions to equations where no analytical solution exists.

Sisällysluettelo

  1. Introduction
    1. Introduction
    2. Precision and Accuracy
    3. Units
    4. Estimating Error
    5. PROBLEMS
    6. Lab Exercise
  2. Kinematics
    1. When Left Alone
    2. Position
    3. Velocity
    4. Acceleration
    5. PROBLEMS
    6. Lab Exercise
  3. Dynamics
    1. Background
    2. Fundamental Interactions
    3. Contact Interactions
    4. Application of Newton's Second Law
    5. Motion on an Incline
    6. Friction on Moving Surfaces
    7. GeoGebra Exercise - Universal Gravitation
    8. PROBLEMS
    9. Lab Exercise - Slope and Friction of a Cart
  4. Dynamics with Variable Forces
    1. Motivation
    2. Differential Equations of Motion
    3. Air Drag
    4. Free Fall with Drag
    5. Propulsion and Machines
    6. Vehicle Resistive Forces
    7. Fuel Economy
    8. Solving Differential Equations of Motion
    9. PROBLEMS
    10. Lab Exercise - Drag Coefficient Measurement
  5. Harmonic Motion
    1. Elasticity
    2. Hooke's Law
    3. Simple Harmonic Motion
    4. The Simple Pendulum
    5. PROBLEMS
    6. Lab Exercise
  6. Circular Motion
    1. Circular Motion Derivation
  7. Effective Gravitation
    1. We Can't Feel Gravity
    2. Further Examples
  8. Collisions
    1. Momentum
    2. Collisions
    3. PROBLEMS
  9. Geometric Optics I
    1. Introduction
    2. Ray Tracing Basics
    3. Ray Tracing with Curved Mirrors
    4. Heiligenschein and Albedo
    5. Color
    6. PROBLEMS
    7. Lab Exercise
  10. Geometric Optics II
    1. Refraction
    2. Snell's Law
    3. Critical Angle
    4. Polarization
    5. Dispersion and Rainbows
    6. Thin Lenses
    7. Human Eye
    8. Fermat's Principle
    9. PROBLEMS
    10. Lab Exercises - Thin Lenses, Brewster's Law
    11. Lab Exercise - Crossed Polarizers
  11. Waves
    1. Waves
    2. PROBLEMS
  12. Interference
    1. Wave Interference
    2. Thin Films
    3. Young's Double Slit Experiment
    4. Multiple Slits
    5. PROBLEMS
  13. Diffraction
    1. Single Slit Diffraction
    2. Circular Apertures and Resolving Power
    3. Angular Resolution
    4. PROBLEMS
  14. Music and Resonance
    1. Resonance
    2. Resonant Frequencies
    3. Resonance In Musical Instruments
    4. The Musical Scale
    5. Standing Waves and Resonance
    6. Doppler Effect
    7. PROBLEMS
    8. Lab Exercise
    9. String and Pipe Modes
  15. Quantization and Waves
    1. Background
    2. The Field
    3. Quantization
    4. Blackbody Radiation
    5. Photoelectric Effect
    6. Light Quanta
    7. Is a Photon a Particle?
    8. What are Field Quanta?
    9. PROBLEMS
  16. Quantizing Nature: A first Approach
    1. Phase, Waves and "Particles"
    2. Wave Nature of "Particles"
    3. Wilson-Sommerfeld Quantization Condition
    4. Wilson-Sommerfeld Application: 1D Electron Wave
    5. Wilson-Sommerfeld Application: Atomic Structure
    6. PROBLEMS
  17. Quantum Mechanics
    1. Classical Wave Equation
    2. Schrödinger's Equation
    3. "Particle" in a 1D Box
    4. Quantum Tunneling
    5. PROBLEMS
  18. Special Relativity
    1. The Postulates
    2. Some Definitions
    3. Time Dilation
    4. PROBLEMS
  19. Heat Transfer
    1. Convection
    2. Conduction
    3. Thermal Radiation
    4. Evaporative Cooling
    5. The Effect of Scale
    6. PROBLEMS
  20. Fundamental Physics
    1. Breaking it Down
    2. Nuclear Structure
    3. Binding Energy
    4. Radioactive Decay
    5. Decay Schemes
    6. PROBLEMS
  21. Astrophysics and Cosmology
    1. Where are We?
    2. The Milky Way
    3. One
    4. Origins
  22. Answers to Problems
    1. Answers
    2. Interference

1.

Introduction

Introduction and Motivation

  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Precision and Accuracy
  • 3. Units
  • 4. Estimating Error
  • 5. PROBLEMS
  • 6. Lab Exercise

1.1.

–

1.2.

–

1.3.

–

1.4.

–

1.5.

–

1.6.

–

2.

Kinematics

  • 1. When Left Alone
  • 2. Position
  • 3. Velocity
  • 4. Acceleration
  • 5. PROBLEMS
  • 6. Lab Exercise

2.1.

–

2.2.

–

2.3.

–

2.4.

–

2.5.

–

2.6.

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3.

Dynamics

  • 1. Background
  • 2. Fundamental Interactions
  • 3. Contact Interactions
  • 4. Application of Newton's Second Law
  • 5. Motion on an Incline
  • 6. Friction on Moving Surfaces
  • 7. GeoGebra Exercise - Universal Gravitation
  • 8. PROBLEMS
  • 9. Lab Exercise - Slope and Friction of a Cart

3.1.

–

3.2.

–

3.3.

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3.4.

–

3.5.

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3.6.

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3.7.

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3.8.

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3.9.

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4.

Dynamics with Variable Forces

  • 1. Motivation
  • 2. Differential Equations of Motion
  • 3. Air Drag
  • 4. Free Fall with Drag
  • 5. Propulsion and Machines
  • 6. Vehicle Resistive Forces
  • 7. Fuel Economy
  • 8. Solving Differential Equations of Motion
  • 9. PROBLEMS
  • 10. Lab Exercise - Drag Coefficient Measurement

4.1.

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4.2.

–

4.3.

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4.4.

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4.5.

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4.6.

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4.7.

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4.8.

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4.9.

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4.10.

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5.

Harmonic Motion

Springs, elasticity and the resulting harmonic motion are discussed in this chapter.

  • 1. Elasticity
  • 2. Hooke's Law
  • 3. Simple Harmonic Motion
  • 4. The Simple Pendulum
  • 5. PROBLEMS
  • 6. Lab Exercise

5.1.

–

5.2.

–

5.3.

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5.4.

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5.5.

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5.6.

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6.

Circular Motion

  • 1. Circular Motion Derivation

6.1.

–

7.

Effective Gravitation

  • 1. We Can't Feel Gravity
  • 2. Further Examples

7.1.

–

7.2.

–

8.

Collisions

  • 1. Momentum
  • 2. Collisions
  • 3. PROBLEMS

8.1.

–

8.2.

–

8.3.

–

9.

Geometric Optics I

  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Ray Tracing Basics
  • 3. Ray Tracing with Curved Mirrors
  • 4. Heiligenschein and Albedo
  • 5. Color
  • 6. PROBLEMS
  • 7. Lab Exercise

9.1.

–

9.2.

–

9.3.

–

9.4.

–

9.5.

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9.6.

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9.7.

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10.

Geometric Optics II

  • 1. Refraction
  • 2. Snell's Law
  • 3. Critical Angle
  • 4. Polarization
  • 5. Dispersion and Rainbows
  • 6. Thin Lenses
  • 7. Human Eye
  • 8. Fermat's Principle
  • 9. PROBLEMS
  • 10. Lab Exercises - Thin Lenses, Brewster's Law
  • 11. Lab Exercise - Crossed Polarizers

10.1.

–

10.2.

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10.3.

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10.4.

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10.5.

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10.6.

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10.7.

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10.8.

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10.9.

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10.10.

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10.11.

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11.

Waves

This chapter is an introduction to traveling waves and all the fun things that can occur when multiple waves meet.

  • 1. Waves
  • 2. PROBLEMS

11.1.

–

11.2.

–

12.

Interference

  • 1. Wave Interference
  • 2. Thin Films
  • 3. Young's Double Slit Experiment
  • 4. Multiple Slits
  • 5. PROBLEMS

12.1.

–

12.2.

–

12.3.

–

12.4.

–

12.5.

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13.

Diffraction

  • 1. Single Slit Diffraction
  • 2. Circular Apertures and Resolving Power
  • 3. Angular Resolution
  • 4. PROBLEMS

13.1.

–

13.2.

–

13.3.

–

13.4.

–

14.

Music and Resonance

  • 1. Resonance
  • 2. Resonant Frequencies
  • 3. Resonance In Musical Instruments
  • 4. The Musical Scale
  • 5. Standing Waves and Resonance
  • 6. Doppler Effect
  • 7. PROBLEMS
  • 8. Lab Exercise
  • 9. String and Pipe Modes

14.1.

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14.2.

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14.3.

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14.4.

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14.5.

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14.6.

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14.7.

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14.8.

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14.9.

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15.

Quantization and Waves

  • 1. Background
  • 2. The Field
  • 3. Quantization
  • 4. Blackbody Radiation
  • 5. Photoelectric Effect
  • 6. Light Quanta
  • 7. Is a Photon a Particle?
  • 8. What are Field Quanta?
  • 9. PROBLEMS

15.1.

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15.2.

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15.3.

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15.4.

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15.5.

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15.6.

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15.7.

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15.8.

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15.9.

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16.

Quantizing Nature: A first Approach

  • 1. Phase, Waves and "Particles"
  • 2. Wave Nature of "Particles"
  • 3. Wilson-Sommerfeld Quantization Condition
  • 4. Wilson-Sommerfeld Application: 1D Electron Wave
  • 5. Wilson-Sommerfeld Application: Atomic Structure
  • 6. PROBLEMS

16.1.

–

16.2.

–

16.3.

–

16.4.

–

16.5.

–

16.6.

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17.

Quantum Mechanics

  • 1. Classical Wave Equation
  • 2. Schrödinger's Equation
  • 3. "Particle" in a 1D Box
  • 4. Quantum Tunneling
  • 5. PROBLEMS

17.1.

–

17.2.

–

17.3.

–

17.4.

–

17.5.

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18.

Special Relativity

  • 1. The Postulates
  • 2. Some Definitions
  • 3. Time Dilation
  • 4. PROBLEMS

18.1.

–

18.2.

–

18.3.

–

18.4.

–

19.

Heat Transfer

  • 1. Convection
  • 2. Conduction
  • 3. Thermal Radiation
  • 4. Evaporative Cooling
  • 5. The Effect of Scale
  • 6. PROBLEMS

19.1.

–

19.2.

–

19.3.

–

19.4.

–

19.5.

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19.6.

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20.

Fundamental Physics

  • 1. Breaking it Down
  • 2. Nuclear Structure
  • 3. Binding Energy
  • 4. Radioactive Decay
  • 5. Decay Schemes
  • 6. PROBLEMS

20.1.

–

20.2.

–

20.3.

–

20.4.

–

20.5.

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20.6.

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21.

Astrophysics and Cosmology

  • 1. Where are We?
  • 2. The Milky Way
  • 3. One
  • 4. Origins

21.1.

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21.2.

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21.3.

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21.4.

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22.

Answers to Problems

  • 1. Answers
  • 2. Interference

22.1.

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22.2.

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